Fleshing out the Constitution's specification of the judiciary as capped by a Supreme Court, the Judiciary Act of 1789 established the entire federal judiciary. The nation adopted a Bill of Rights as 10 amendments to the new constitution. It paid for the program through new tariffs and taxes the tax on whiskey led to a revolt in the west Washington raised an army and suppressed it with minimal violence. Enacting Hamilton's program, the government assumed the Revolutionary War debts of the states and the national government, and refinanced them with new federal bonds. Based in New York City, the new government acted quickly to rebuild the nation's financial structure. The secretaries along with a new Attorney General, became the cabinet. On his own initiative he created three departments: State ( Thomas Jefferson), Treasury ( Alexander Hamilton), and War. George Washington was elected the first president in 1789. This article covers the history of the United States from 1789 through 1849, the period of westward expansion.
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